How is the target heart rate calculated?

The target heart rate is calculated using the Karvonen formula, which incorporates both the resting heart rate and the maximum heart rate reserve to determine a personalized exercise intensity level. This method begins by calculating the maximum heart rate, which is typically estimated as 220 minus the person's age. From that, the resting heart rate is subtracted to find the heart rate reserve. A percentage of this heart rate reserve (usually 50-85%) is then added back to the resting heart rate to establish the target heart rate, allowing for a more individualized approach to exercise intensity. This ensures that the target heart rate reflects both the physiological state of the individual and the intensity of the activity being performed, promoting optimal cardiovascular training effects.